Person Page - 11

     Edward, III, King of England was born on 13 November 1312.
Edward, III, King of England married Queen Philippa,.
     Edward died on 21 June 1377 aged 64.

     Ellen, (of Galloway), married Roger de Quincy 2nd Earl of Winchester, son of Saher de Quincy Earl of Winchester and Margaret de Beaumont.

     Elystan Glodrydd, King of Rhwng Gwy ag Hafren was born circa 970 in Wales. He was the son of Cuhelyn ab Ifor ab Ifor and Gwen ferch Gronwy ap Tudur.
Elystan Glodrydd, King of Rhwng Gwy ag Hafren married Gwenllian f Einion (?), daughter of Einion ab Owain (?).
Rhwyng Gwy ag Hafren was between Wye & Severn. Little is known of this early 11th century king of what is now Radnorshire but from him descend the princes of Elfael and Maelienydd whose sovereignty lasted till 1234, and the families of Lloyd of Wenallt, Pryce of Newtown and Lloyd of Coedmore....

     Emma, of Brittany, married Sir Robert de Brus. Emma, of Brittany, was the daughter of Allan, Earl of Brittany.

     Eochaid was the son of Domangart.
     Eochaid died in 1696.

     Eochaid, the poisonous, was the son of Aed, the White.
     Eochaid died in 781.

     Erik, II, King of Norway was born in 1268.
Erik, II, King of Norway married Isabel de Bruce Queen of Norway, daughter of Robert de Bruce Earl of Carrick, 6th Lord of Annandale and Marjorie Carrick Countess of Carrick, in 1293. They had a child in 1297.
     Erik died in 1299. He was the king of Norway from 1280 until 1299.

     Ermengarde, of Scotland, was the daughter of Alexander, II, King of Scotland.
     Ermengarde died before 1241. Ermengardis, filie domini mei Regis Alexandri ', named in grant of Sir Alexander de Stirling, 1240.

     Ethelred died in 1016?.

      Eudes, disinherited Count of Champagne, described as Count Odo in the Lindsey Survey (1115-18). [Cokayne, Complete peerage].
.
Eudes or Odo, Earl of Blois, married Adelaide or Adeliz Countess de Albemarle, daughter of Robert, Duke of Normandy, and Herleve or Harlotte Unknown, before 1070.

     Euphemia, Countess of Ross, was the daughter of William, Earl of Ross, and Mary Unknown of the Isles.
Euphemia, Countess of Ross, married Sir Walter de Leslie circa 1366 in Scotland.
Euphemia, Countess of Ross, married Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan as her second husband, in 1382..
     Euphemia died in 1394.

     Euphemia, Countess of Strathearn, married Patrick Graham Earl of Strathearn.

     Eve married Alan FitzWalter, son of Walter FitzAlan and Eschyn de Molle of Huntlaw. Other sources suggest Margaret of Galloway or Alesta of Mar.
Wikipedia states: He married firstly,[3][7] Eva, who is usually named as the daughter of Sweyn Thor'sson, although some historians dispute Eva's parentage. They had no known issue.
By his second marriage to Alesta, daughter of Morggán, Earl of Mar[3] [7] and Ada, he had issue:

Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland,[7] married Bethóc, daughter of Gille Críst, Earl of Angus and his wife Marjorie. He died in 1246.
David [7]
Leonard
Avelina, married Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick
Some sources list Margaret Galloway as Walter's mother. Galloway is related to William the Conqueror and other royalty.. Eve was born in Scotland?. She was the daughter of Swein of Crawford (ancestor of the Ruthbens of Gowrie).

     Ferguard, married Daughter, of Norway, daughter of Eric, I, King of Norway. Ferguard, was born in 929. He was the son of Murdoch.
     Ferguard died in 980.

     Fergus, Lord of Galloway was born in Scotland. He was Celtic prince who exercised an almost independent power over the southwest of Scotland.
The claimed marriage of Fergus of Galloway to an illegitimate daughter of Henry I of England has been discussed here (Gen-Medieval) on numerous occasions before. To give a brief (but vastly oversimplified) synopsis of what has been discussed before, there are a couple of independent (and evidently reliable) sources which refer to certain members of Fergus's family as relatives of certain English kings, and the most probable explanation of this relationship would appear to be the marriage of Fergus to an otherwise unknown illegitimate daughter of Henry I, although there are other less likely possibilities (such as Fergus's wife being a member of the Scottish royal family) that can't actually be ruled out based on the evidence that has been presented in these discussions so far.
However, in addition the the problem of interpreting the evidence mentioned above, there is one additional loose end for which I do not recall the evidence ever having been discussed, i.e., the name of the wife of Fergus. Her name is consistently given as Elizabeth in the secondary sources (if they provide a name at all), but I do not recall her name being mentioned in any of the primary sources mentioned in these discussions. Stewart Baldwin. Also see other postings.
On 4 Nov 2003 05:46:15 -0800, royalancestry@msn.com (Douglas
Richardson) wrote:
>Below please find a slightly revised copy of my recent post regarding the matter of the identification of the unknown wife of Fergus, Lord of Galloway. I believe this message answers your question as to the identity of this lady.
>>From: Douglas Richardson (royalancestry@msn.com)
>>Subject: Plantagenet kinsfolk: Galloway, Carrick, and Isle of Man
>1. Uchtred Fitz Fergus of Galloway styled "kinsman" (consanguineum) of
>King Henry II of England [Reference: W. Stubbs, Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene 2 (Rolls Ser. 51) (1869): 105].
2. Duncan, Earl of Carrick, styled "kinsman" by King John (Reference: J. Bain, Cal. of Docs. Rel. Scotland 1 (1881): No. 480).
3. Reynold, King of Man, styled "kinsman" by King John Reference: T. >Rymer, Foedera 1 Pt. 1 (1816): 91.
>
>The above three parties, Uchtred Fitz Fergus, Earl Duncan, and King Reynold, are respectively grandson, great-grandson, and great-grandson
>of Fergus of Galloway (died 1161), by an unknown wife.
>
>My own theory on the kinship behind these relationships is that Fergus of Galloway's unknown wife was a daughter of Duncan, eldest son of Malcolm Canmore, King of Scotland. ...
This theory has, of course, been stated on a number of occasions in this group before, and the problem is the same as it has been before, i.e., there is no direct evidence to support this alternative. (The fact that it is does not contradict the known evidence does not count as supporting evidence.)

>... This arrangement would give the above three parties kinship to King Henry II of England in the 3rd degree, and a kinship to King John in the 4th degree. It is also possible that Fergus' wife was an illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England. Either way would provide the necessary links between all of these parties.

Here, you make a point of describing the exact degree of the relationships according to the Scottish theory that you favor, yet you conveniently leave out the fact that the English theory favored by practically everyone else would make the kinship one generation closer, and therefore be a better fit to the evidence.
>There is no evidence that Fergus' wife was Elizabeth, illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, as often alleged in print (see, for example, G.W.S. Barrow Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm
of Scotland (1965): 36). The name of Fergus' wife is presently
unknown.

It is true that no evidence has been produced regarding the name of Fergus's wife. However, the wording of the first sentence in the above paragraph, while technically true, is misleading, as there is significant evidence that Fergus's wife was AN illegitimate daughter of Henry I (of whatever name). That is because there is strong direct evidence from a number of independent sources that Fergus's descendants were related to the Englis royal family, whereas there is NO known direct evidence that they were related to the Scottish royal family. Although it cannot be regarded as proven with the available evidence, the theory that Fergus's wife was an illegitimate daughter of Henry I clearly fits the evidence better than the Scottish theory or any alternate English connection (like the one dubious source that makes her a daughter of William Rufus).
Stewart Baldwin.
Fergus, Lord of Galloway married Unknown Unknown. [Fergus] is said to have married Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of King Henry I. of England, but the authorities quoted by Chalmers, who makes the statement, do not bear out his assertion.
In other words, Fergus' wife's name is not Elizabeth, nor is she the daughter of King Henry I of England.
He had many illegitimate daughters.
Leo van der Pas wrote: Fergus was lord of Galloway from an unknown date (probably in the 1110s), until his death. He was the founder of that "sub-kingdom", the resurrector of the bishopric of Whithorn, the patron of new abbeys (such as Dundrennan), and much else besides. He became a legend after his death, although his actual life is clouded in mystery.
Fergus first appears in the historical sources in 1136. His origins and his parentage, however, are a mystery, though some sources give his father as Somairle. He was almost certainly a native Galwegian. There is no evidence that Galloway was ever part of the kingdom of Strathclyde. Thus Galloway (west of the Nith at least) lay outside of the traditional area claimed by the kingdom of Alba, Strathclyde's successor state in the area. Galloway, often defined as all of the area to the south and west of the Clyde and west of the River Annan, lay outside of traditional Scottish territory. Though it formed part of the northern mainland of Britain, Galloway was just as much a part of the Irish Sea.
Fergus is known to have had two wives. The name of the first is unknown, but by her he had a son Gilbert (Gille Brigte) who would have progeny. By his second wife, who may have been called Ealasaid and was possibly an illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England, he had a son Uchtred and daughter Afraiq, both of whom would have progeny.
If Fergus did marry a daughter of Henry I, the marriage can be interpreted as part of the forward policy of Henry in the northwest of his dominions and the Irish Sea zone in general, which was engineered in the second decade of the 12th century. It may have been during this time that Fergus began calling himself rex Galwitensium ("King of Galloway"). However, while his possible father-in-law lived, Fergus, like David I, king of Scots, seems to have remained a faithful vassal to Henry.
As part of his pretensions in the Irish Sea world, Fergus made himself the father-in-law of Amhlaib (Olaf) 'Morsel', king of Man and the Isles, by marrying off his daughter Afraiq to him. Amhlaib was in many ways a client of the English and Scottish kings, and so within this new Anglo-Gaelic Irish Sea system Fergus could establish a dominant position. This position lasted until the death of Amhlaib in 1153 at the hands of his brother's sons, who had been brought up in Dublin, and were waiting in the wings.

A related development was Fergus' resurrection of the bishopric of Whithorn, an ancient Galwegian See first established by the expansionary Northumbrians under the jurisdiction of the archbishop of York. It is likely the bishopric disappeared with Northumbrian power, a decline marked by the sack and subsequent occupation of York by the Danes in 867. In the following two and a half centuries Galloway, if and where jurisdiction actually existed, seems to have been under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Man in the west, with Durham and Glasgow in the east.
In terms of the see's resurrection, on 9 December 1125 Pope Honorius II wrote to the bishop-elect of Whithorn, ordering him to appear before the archbishop of York. The would-be bishop was a cleric called Gille Aldan, and the archbishop was Thurstan. York had been coming under increasing pressure from the ambitions of Canterbury, and the northern English metropolitan had only two suffragans (Durham and Man). He needed three to hold proper archiepiscopal elections. It is likely that York and Fergus did a deal ensuring that the Galwegian Church would not undermine Fergus' independence from both Man and Scotland, and securing an identity for the new kingdom in the framework of northern Britain and the Isles.

On Henry's death in late 1135, Fergus' relationship with the English kings could not be maintained. David I, king of Scots, ruler of much of Scotland and northern England, assumed a position of dominance. The balance of power swung firmly in David's favour. It was no longer possible to maintain a position of real independence from the Scottish king. It is at this point that Fergus comes into contemporary sources. In the summer of 1136, David I was in attendance at the consecration of Bishop John's cathedral in Glasgow. Here was a big gathering of Scottish and Norman nobles. Fergus is recorded as having been in attendance too (with his son Uchtred), leading a list of southwestern Gaelic nobility.
The gathering also assisted David's ambitions against Stephen, the new and weak king of the English. Galwegian contingents are recorded in several sources as being present during the subsequent campaign and at the defeat of David by the levies of Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire at the Battle of the Standard in 1138. We cannot know for sure if Fergus was there, but the peace treaty made between David and Stephen in 1139 stipulated that one of Fergus' sons (certainly Uchtred) be given as a hostage.

In 1153, King David died. The personal relationship of superiority which David had enjoyed over Fergus was not meant to apply to David's successors. David was succeeded by the boy-king, Máel Coluim IV, Malcolm IV 'the Maiden'. Yet Fergus initially seems to have had a good relationship with the new king. In 1156 Fergus captured and handed over Máel Coluim's rival Domnall mac Maíl Choluim, the MacHeth pretender to the kingdom of the Scots.

Still, by the end of the decade Fergus and King Máel Coluim were not friends. In 1157 the boy-king's position in southern Scotland was weakened when he was forced by King Henry II to hand over Cumbria and Northumbria. It was probably this blow to Máel Coluim's power that gave Fergus his chance to reassert his independence. The Chronicle of Holyrood reports that Máel Coluim led three campaigns against Fergus in 1160. The context was that Máel Coluim (who was an English feudatory in his capacity as earl of Huntingdon) had been in France with his lord Henry II, and had just returned to Scotland. Many of the native Scottish magnates besieged Máel Coluim at Perth upon his return. However Fergus was not one of them, and any connection between the so-called Revolt of the Earls and Fergus has no evidence to substantiate it. On the other hand, it is highly suggestive that this revolt occurred in exactly same year as the invasion of Galloway.
Fergus' later years were mired by the squabbling of his two sons. Perhaps too Fergus' longevity was testing his sons' patience. Walter Daniel reported that, in relation to the mid-1150s, Fergus was:

". incensed against his sons, and the sons raging against the father and each other . The King of Scotland could not subdue, nor the bishop pacify their mutual hatreds, rancour and tyranny. Sons were against father, father against sons, brother against brother, daily polluting the unhappy little land with bloodshed."
Whether because of Gilbert and Uchtred, or because of Máel Coluim's campaigns, Fergus was forced into retirement, becoming a monk at Holyrood Abbey in 1160. He died the following year.
Alan Maxwell Fidlater wrote: The first appearance of Fergus in history is not on his own. He was accompanied by his son Uchtred when King David I in 1136 granted land in Perdeyc or Patrick to the Church of Glasgow when that church was dedicated (R. Bodine, 2000/02/04).
     Fergus died in 1161.

      King? in 1057..
Finlaech, Mormaer of Moray, married Donada,, daughter of Malcolm, II, King of Scotland.
     Finlaech died circa 1020.

      He was hereditary Steward of Dol in Brittany. In the early 1100s Alan was Baron of St Florent, Saumar.. Flaald Seneschal of Dol was the son of Alan Seneschal of Dol.
Flaald Seneschal of Dol married Aveline,, daughter of Arnulf, Seigneur de Hesdin,.

     Fleance, Thane of Locaber, married Nesta of Gwynedd (?), daughter of Gruffyd, Prince of Gwynedd. She married secondly Osbern Fitz Richard, grandson of Guiomarc, Comtede Leon, who held substantial estates in Dol. In later life, Guiomarc became a Benedictine monk of St Florent at Saumar, where Flaald of Dol was to become the Baron. The family ties were very close, wich is Osbern came to marry Nesta. Fleance, Thane of Locaber, was born in 1020. He was the son of Banquo, Thane of Lochaber.
     Fleance died circa 1064.

     Flotharius, was the son of Frotmund.

     Fratmaldus, the Seneschal, was the son of Frotmund Vetules.

     Frederick VII, Count of Leiningen, married Yolanthe von Julich before 3 November 1348.
     Frederick died in 1397. See Leo van de Pas website for further information: http://www.genealogics.org/.

     Freskin died before 1172.

     Fretaldus, was the son of Frotmund.

      He was living in 762 and descended from the Sicambrian Franks 419-30, a cousin line to the Merovingian Kings.

     Frodaldus, Count of Brittany, was born in France. He was living in 795. He was the son of Froamidus, Count of Brittany.

     Frotmund, was the son of Alirad.

     Frotmund, was born in 850. He was the son of Frodaldus, Count of Brittany.